Buying land in Callaway County, Missouri: what to check
Callaway County covers 835 square miles of land and 13 of water in Missouri, with about 45,126 residents in 2024 (up 1.9% since 2020). The 2020 Census counted 98% of its land as rural and 40% of residents as living in urban areas. Farms operate 54% of the county's land. Below: how much of Callaway County floods, what its soils allow, what farmland is worth and how often it's in drought, from free public data with every source linked.
Callaway County at a glance
Hydric (wetland-type) soils
19%
Above the state's county median (8.4%)
Farm land value, 2022
$4,653/acre
Above the state's county median ($4,462)
What to check before buying land in Callaway County
Ordered by what Callaway County's numbers point to. Every parcel differs, so treat this as where to look first.
1.Budget for a perc test and maybe an engineered septic
USDA rates 100% of Callaway County's mapped soils "very limited" for conventional septic absorption fields and 0% "not limited".
Without city sewer you need a septic permit from the county or state health department. Make the offer contingent on a passing soil or perc test; mound and aerobic systems can cost several times a conventional one.
2.Confirm the flood zone at your exact spot
9% of the county's area is in the 1%-annual-chance (100-year) floodplain FEMA's National Risk Index uses for inland flooding; 12% of its mapped soils flood occasionally or frequently.
Even where little of the county floods, creeks and low spots do. Check the FEMA zone at the building site and the driveway route.
3.Confirm legal road access and power
The 2020 Census classified 98% of Callaway County's land area as rural.
Rural tracts are often sold without recorded access or a power line nearby. Get the title company to confirm a recorded easement or public road frontage, and ask the electric co-op what a line extension costs.
4.Check slope at the building site
27% of Callaway County's mapped soils have an average slope over 15% (USDA SSURGO).
Steep ground means grading, retaining walls, longer driveways and erosion control. Compare the slope at the house site and along the access route, not just the parcel average.
5.Expect wetlands; map them before you plan
About 19% of Callaway County's mapped soils are hydric (formed under saturated conditions, a federal wetland indicator) and 18% are poorly or very poorly drained (USDA SSURGO).
Open the National Wetlands Inventory mapper at the parcel. Filling or draining a wetland can need a Clean Water Act Section 404 permit, and wet ground limits septic fields and building pads.
6.Check wildfire exposure and insurance
FEMA rates Callaway County's wildfire risk relatively low, and 20% of the county's area is in the wildfire exposure zone the National Risk Index uses.
Ask an insurer for a quote early; some carriers won't write new policies in high-hazard areas. Check access for fire trucks, nearby fire stations and the vegetation around the building site.
Flood zones, wetlands and water in Callaway County
- Area in the 1%-annual-chance (100-year) floodplain
- 9%, 49th highest of 115 in Missouri FEMA National Risk Index
- Mapped soils that flood occasionally or frequently
- 12% USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (SSURGO)
- Hydric soils (a federal wetland indicator)
- 19% USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (SSURGO)
- Poorly or very poorly drained soils
- 18% USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (SSURGO)
- Surface water (lakes, rivers, reservoirs)
- 13 sq mi Census 2024 Gazetteer Files
- Drought on 2026-10-27
- 2.5% moderate or worse, 0% severe or worse U.S. Drought Monitor county statistics
The floodplain share is the area FEMA's National Risk Index counts as exposed to inland flooding, mostly mapped 100-year flood zones. It says how common flood-prone land is in Callaway County, not whether a given parcel floods. For that, look up the zone at your exact point on the FEMA Flood Map Service Center or run the free check.
Soils and terrain
- Prime farmland
- 3.1% USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (SSURGO)
- Prime only if drained, irrigated or protected
- 7.1% USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (SSURGO)
- Farmland of statewide importance
- 25% USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (SSURGO)
- Average slope over 15%
- 27% USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (SSURGO)
- Very limited for septic absorption fields
- 100% USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (SSURGO)
- Not limited for septic absorption fields
- 0% USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (SSURGO)
Shares of Callaway County's soil-surveyed land (about 535,314 acres, open water excluded), using each map unit's dominant condition in USDA's SSURGO soil survey. Soils change within a few hundred feet, so the soil at your building site is what matters.
Farms and land use
- Farms (2022)
- 1,271 USDA NASS, 2022 Census of Agriculture
- Share of the county's land in farms
- 54% USDA NASS, 2022 Census of Agriculture
- Average farm size
- 227 acres (median 106) USDA NASS, 2022 Census of Agriculture
- Average value of land and buildings
- $4,653 per acre, 51st highest of 114 in Missouri USDA NASS, 2022 Census of Agriculture
- Cropland
- 142,478 acres USDA NASS, 2022 Census of Agriculture
- Pasture and rangeland
- 85,697 acres USDA NASS, 2022 Census of Agriculture
- Woodland on farms
- 62,830 acres USDA NASS, 2022 Census of Agriculture
- Irrigated land
- 5,426 acres USDA NASS, 2022 Census of Agriculture
Natural hazard ratings
FEMA's National Risk Index rates each hazard for Callaway County relative to every other U.S. county. Overall risk: Relatively Low.
- Heat waveRelatively Moderate
- LandslideRelatively Moderate
- LightningRelatively Moderate
- Strong windRelatively Moderate
- Winter weatherRelatively Moderate
- DroughtRelatively Low
- EarthquakeRelatively Low
- HailRelatively Low
- River and inland floodingRelatively Low
- TornadoRelatively Low
- WildfireRelatively Low
- HurricaneVery Low
FEMA National Risk Index, December 2025
Questions about buying land in Callaway County
How much of Callaway County, MO is in a flood zone?
About 9% of Callaway County's area is in the 1%-annual-chance (100-year) floodplain used by FEMA's National Risk Index (December 2025), 49th highest of 115 counties in Missouri. Whether a given parcel is in a flood zone depends on its exact location, so check the FEMA map at your pin.
How much does land cost per acre in Callaway County?
The 2022 Census of Agriculture put the average value of farm land and buildings in Callaway County at $4,653 an acre, 51st highest of 114 counties in Missouri (the median Missouri county was $4,462). It's a self-reported average across farms, so small homesites and recreational tracts often sell for more per acre.
Will a septic system work on land in Callaway County?
Often, but test first. USDA soil surveys rate 100% of Callaway County's mapped soils very limited for conventional septic absorption fields, usually because of wetness, slow permeability, shallow rock or flooding. A perc or soil test on the parcel decides what system the health department will permit.
Is there good farmland in Callaway County?
3.1% of Callaway County's mapped soils are prime farmland, 7.1% are prime only if drained, irrigated or protected from flooding, and 25% are farmland of statewide importance (USDA SSURGO). The 2022 Census of Agriculture counted 1,271 farms averaging 227 acres.
How often is Callaway County in drought?
Since 2021, at least half of the county was in severe drought or worse in 5% of weekly U.S. Drought Monitor maps, and in extreme drought in under 1%. On 2026-10-27, 2.5% of the county was in moderate drought or worse.
Can I check a specific property in Callaway County?
Yes. Enter the address or drop a pin anywhere in Callaway County on the free check. It shows which checks return data at that exact point, and the full report costs $29: flood zone, slope, soils, wetlands, roads, power lines, wildfire and more, each with its source. It is a screen of public maps, not a survey, title search or perc test.
Check the parcel, not just the county
County numbers tell you what to look for. The free check looks at your exact point in Callaway County: flood zone, slope, soils, wetlands, roads, power and more. The full report is $29.
What these numbers can't tell you
- County shares describe Callaway County as a whole; a parcel can be entirely in or out of a flood zone, wetland or poor soil.
- It doesn't look at the whole parcel, its boundaries, title, easements, zoning or permits.
- It isn't a survey, appraisal, elevation certificate, soil or perc test, or Phase I environmental site assessment.
- It can't see local distribution power lines, driveways, legal access, wells or mineral rights.
- Maps lag behind the ground, and distances are straight-line, not driving distance.
Sources and vintages
- U.S. Census Bureau, 2024 Gazetteer Files: 2024 files
- U.S. Census Bureau, Vintage 2024 county population estimates: Vintage 2024 (July 1, 2024)
- U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Census urban and rural classification: 2020 Census
- U.S. Census Bureau, 2024 county adjacency file: 2024
- FEMA National Risk Index: December 2025 release
- USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (SSURGO): Soil Data Access, queried 2026-10-31
- USDA NASS, 2022 Census of Agriculture: 2022 Census of Agriculture (published 2024)
- U.S. Drought Monitor county statistics: weekly maps 2021-10-26 to 2026-10-27
- FEMA Flood Map Service Center: look up your own pin
- USFWS National Wetlands Inventory mapper: look up your own pin
Summarized per county by our build script on 2026-10-31. County figures cover the whole county; checks on the report are at your point.