Buying land in Maricopa County, Arizona: what to check
Maricopa County covers 9,202 square miles of land and 24 of water in Arizona, with about 4,673,096 residents in 2024 (up 5.6% since 2020). The 2020 Census counted 87% of its land as rural and 98% of residents as living in urban areas. Farms operate 8.5% of the county's land. Below: how much of Maricopa County floods, what its soils allow, what farmland is worth and how often it's in drought, from free public data with every source linked.
Maricopa County at a glance
Farm land value, 2022
$7,203/acre
Above the state's county median ($2,148)
What to check before buying land in Maricopa County
Ordered by what Maricopa County's numbers point to. Every parcel differs, so treat this as where to look first.
1.Prove the water supply before you buy
At least half of Maricopa County was in severe drought (D2) or worse in 44% of the 262 weekly U.S. Drought Monitor maps from 2021 to 2026. Arizona allocates water by permit or water right, so a well or pond isn't automatic.
Ask whether the land has a public water connection, an existing well (and its log and yield), or neighbors' well depths from the state well database. For a new well, check permits and typical depth with the state agency first.
2.Put flood checks first in Maricopa County
9.4% of the county's area is in the 1%-annual-chance (100-year) floodplain FEMA's National Risk Index uses for inland flooding; 5.2% of its mapped soils flood occasionally or frequently. FEMA rates Maricopa County's river-flooding risk very high.
Look up the FEMA flood zone at the pin, not the parcel's address. If any of the land is in zone A or V, price flood insurance before you offer, ask for an elevation certificate, and check whether the access road floods too.
3.Get a perc test before you close
USDA rates 57% of Maricopa County's mapped soils "very limited" for conventional septic absorption fields and 28% "not limited".
Without city sewer you need a septic permit from the county or state health department. Make the offer contingent on a passing soil or perc test; mound and aerobic systems can cost several times a conventional one.
4.Check wildfire exposure and insurance
FEMA rates Maricopa County's wildfire risk relatively high, and 2.4% of the county's area is in the wildfire exposure zone the National Risk Index uses.
Ask an insurer for a quote early; some carriers won't write new policies in high-hazard areas. Check access for fire trucks, nearby fire stations and the vegetation around the building site.
5.Check slope at the building site
21% of Maricopa County's mapped soils have an average slope over 15% (USDA SSURGO).
Steep ground means grading, retaining walls, longer driveways and erosion control. Compare the slope at the house site and along the access route, not just the parcel average.
6.Confirm legal road access and power
The 2020 Census classified 87% of Maricopa County's land area as rural.
Rural tracts are often sold without recorded access or a power line nearby. Get the title company to confirm a recorded easement or public road frontage, and ask the electric co-op what a line extension costs.
Flood zones, wetlands and water in Maricopa County
- Area in the 1%-annual-chance (100-year) floodplain
- 9.4%, the highest of 15 in Arizona FEMA National Risk Index
- Mapped soils that flood occasionally or frequently
- 5.2% USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (SSURGO)
- Hydric soils (a federal wetland indicator)
- 0% USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (SSURGO)
- Poorly or very poorly drained soils
- 0% USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (SSURGO)
- Surface water (lakes, rivers, reservoirs)
- 24 sq mi Census 2024 Gazetteer Files
- Drought on 2026-10-27
- 79% moderate or worse, 32% severe or worse U.S. Drought Monitor county statistics
The floodplain share is the area FEMA's National Risk Index counts as exposed to inland flooding, mostly mapped 100-year flood zones. It says how common flood-prone land is in Maricopa County, not whether a given parcel floods. For that, look up the zone at your exact point on the FEMA Flood Map Service Center or run the free check.
Soils and terrain
- Prime farmland
- 0% USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (SSURGO)
- Prime only if drained, irrigated or protected
- 18% USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (SSURGO)
- Farmland of statewide importance
- 0% USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (SSURGO)
- Average slope over 15%
- 21% USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (SSURGO)
- Very limited for septic absorption fields
- 57% USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (SSURGO)
- Not limited for septic absorption fields
- 28% USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (SSURGO)
Shares of Maricopa County's soil-surveyed land (about 6,231,293 acres, open water excluded), using each map unit's dominant condition in USDA's SSURGO soil survey. Soils change within a few hundred feet, so the soil at your building site is what matters.
Farms and land use
- Farms (2022)
- 1,527 USDA NASS, 2022 Census of Agriculture
- Share of the county's land in farms
- 8.5% USDA NASS, 2022 Census of Agriculture
- Average farm size
- 329 acres (median 6) USDA NASS, 2022 Census of Agriculture
- Average value of land and buildings
- $7,203 per acre, 2nd highest of 15 in Arizona USDA NASS, 2022 Census of Agriculture
- Cropland
- 264,018 acres USDA NASS, 2022 Census of Agriculture
- Pasture and rangeland
- 191,176 acres USDA NASS, 2022 Census of Agriculture
- Woodland on farms
- 2,234 acres USDA NASS, 2022 Census of Agriculture
- Irrigated land
- 204,522 acres USDA NASS, 2022 Census of Agriculture
Natural hazard ratings
FEMA's National Risk Index rates each hazard for Maricopa County relative to every other U.S. county. Overall risk: Very High.
- HailVery High
- Heat waveVery High
- River and inland floodingVery High
- Strong windVery High
- DroughtRelatively High
- LightningRelatively High
- WildfireRelatively High
- EarthquakeRelatively Moderate
- TornadoRelatively Moderate
- LandslideRelatively Low
- Winter weatherRelatively Low
- HurricaneVery Low
FEMA National Risk Index, December 2025
Questions about buying land in Maricopa County
How much of Maricopa County, AZ is in a flood zone?
About 9.4% of Maricopa County's area is in the 1%-annual-chance (100-year) floodplain used by FEMA's National Risk Index (December 2025), the highest of 15 counties in Arizona. Whether a given parcel is in a flood zone depends on its exact location, so check the FEMA map at your pin.
How much does land cost per acre in Maricopa County?
The 2022 Census of Agriculture put the average value of farm land and buildings in Maricopa County at $7,203 an acre, 2nd highest of 15 counties in Arizona (the median Arizona county was $2,148). It's a self-reported average across farms, so small homesites and recreational tracts often sell for more per acre.
Will a septic system work on land in Maricopa County?
Often, but test first. USDA soil surveys rate 57% of Maricopa County's mapped soils very limited for conventional septic absorption fields, usually because of wetness, slow permeability, shallow rock or flooding. A perc or soil test on the parcel decides what system the health department will permit.
Is there good farmland in Maricopa County?
0% of Maricopa County's mapped soils are prime farmland, 18% are prime only if drained, irrigated or protected from flooding, and 0% are farmland of statewide importance (USDA SSURGO). The 2022 Census of Agriculture counted 1,527 farms averaging 329 acres.
How often is Maricopa County in drought?
Since 2021, at least half of the county was in severe drought or worse in 44% of weekly U.S. Drought Monitor maps, and in extreme drought in 15%. On 2026-10-27, 79% of the county was in moderate drought or worse.
Can I check a specific property in Maricopa County?
Yes. Enter the address or drop a pin anywhere in Maricopa County on the free check. It shows which checks return data at that exact point, and the full report costs $29: flood zone, slope, soils, wetlands, roads, power lines, wildfire and more, each with its source. It is a screen of public maps, not a survey, title search or perc test.
Check the parcel, not just the county
County numbers tell you what to look for. The free check looks at your exact point in Maricopa County: flood zone, slope, soils, wetlands, roads, power and more. The full report is $29.
What these numbers can't tell you
- County shares describe Maricopa County as a whole; a parcel can be entirely in or out of a flood zone, wetland or poor soil.
- It doesn't look at the whole parcel, its boundaries, title, easements, zoning or permits.
- It isn't a survey, appraisal, elevation certificate, soil or perc test, or Phase I environmental site assessment.
- It can't see local distribution power lines, driveways, legal access, wells or mineral rights.
- Maps lag behind the ground, and distances are straight-line, not driving distance.
Sources and vintages
- U.S. Census Bureau, 2024 Gazetteer Files: 2024 files
- U.S. Census Bureau, Vintage 2024 county population estimates: Vintage 2024 (July 1, 2024)
- U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Census urban and rural classification: 2020 Census
- U.S. Census Bureau, 2024 county adjacency file: 2024
- FEMA National Risk Index: December 2025 release
- USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (SSURGO): Soil Data Access, queried 2026-10-31
- USDA NASS, 2022 Census of Agriculture: 2022 Census of Agriculture (published 2024)
- U.S. Drought Monitor county statistics: weekly maps 2021-10-26 to 2026-10-27
- FEMA Flood Map Service Center: look up your own pin
- USFWS National Wetlands Inventory mapper: look up your own pin
Summarized per county by our build script on 2026-10-31. County figures cover the whole county; checks on the report are at your point.